Energy storage refers to the process of storing energy through medium or equipment and releasing it when needed. Energy storage can realize the matching of capacity and energy consumption in time and space through flexible charge and discharge control. From the perspective of power system, energy storage can be divided into power supply side, power grid side and user side. So from each power side, what are the specific profit models of the new energy storage system.

Profit model of power-side Energy storage

high initial investment cost of new energy allocation and storage

in terms of new energy sources, the energy storage income on the power side mainly comes from the increased electricity charge income after reducing the power consumption of "abandoning wind and abandoning light"; However, the self-built distribution and storage of new energy will plus-sized the initial investment cost of the project. The new energy station is equipped with energy storage projects with a capacity of 20% and a duration of 2 hours, its initial investment will increase by about 15%.

In addition, the calling efficiency of power-side Energy storage is far lower than that of power-side Energy Storage (about 1/3), therefore, energy storage has limited effect on the abandoned power utilization of new energy stations. The scale of new energy entering the electricity market is limited. Most new energy allocation and construction energy storage cannot participate in the electricity market due to the lack of the identity of the market subject, and the return rate is not high mainly by reducing the abandoned electricity.

Good return on investment of fire and electricity distribution and storage

the thermal power distribution and energy storage mode mainly obtains profits by improving the frequency modulation response capability of power plants and participating in frequency modulation auxiliary services.

The combined frequency modulation of fire storage is currently the application field with the highest degree of marketization and relatively good return on investment, configuring energy storage can effectively improve the frequency modulation performance of thermal power units and increase the frequency modulation income of thermal power plants, but it also faces problems such as limited market scale and imperfect market mechanism.

Profit model of grid-side Energy storage

grid-side Energy Storage refers to energy storage resources that can accept unified dispatching of power dispatching agencies, respond to flexible demands of power grids, and play an overall and systematic role in power systems.

The main functions are: providing auxiliary power services such as peak shaving, frequency modulation, standby power supply, etc., maintaining the safety and stability of the power system and ensuring the power quality; Alleviating the congestion of the power grid, thus delaying the expansion of the power grid.

Short duration of capacity lease contract or income risk

it provides rental services with a certain capacity for wind power, photovoltaic and other new energy power stations, and independent energy storage power stations get rent. Capacity leasing fee is a stable source of income for independent energy storage builders, currently, many guiding prices have been introduced., the rental fee is 250-350 yuan/kw/year. A 100MW independent energy storage power station, capacity leasing annual income can reach 30 million yuan.

At present, the capacity lease of energy storage power station has just started, which is mainly used to meet the requirements of new energy power station allocation and storage, and is usually digested within the new energy power generation group. However, with the increase of new energy installed capacity and the improvement of energy storage revenue channels, the demand for capacity leasing will further increase.

However, the actual rental price at this stage is lower than the guidance price; And if the lease contract period is too short, it will increase the income risk of the energy storage power station.

Price difference arbitrage, to be completed in in stock trading market

energy storage participating in the electric energy market is mainly to earn the income of electricity price difference through low electricity price charging and higher electricity price discharging. For medium and long-term transactions, some areas implement Valley electricity price charging and new energy electricity price standard Internet access.

The participation of energy storage in in stock markets requires the development and maturity of regional in stock markets, at present, the national electricity in stock market is in the process of pilot construction, and most regions do not have the conditions to make profits through in stock. Shandong is the first province to allow independent energy storage to participate in the electricity in stock market. Qinghai province is the first province in China to complete medium-and long-term transactions of energy storage.

auxiliary services or as energy storage increases, resulting in a decline in revenue.

Auxiliary services generally include:

participate in peak shaving to obtain peak shaving compensation. Peak Shaving has been promoted nationwide. Several provinces and cities have issued peak shaving compensation standards, which are mainly charged according to peak shaving power, with prices ranging from 0.15 to 0.8 yuan/KWh.

Participate in FM service and get FM compensation. The compensation amount for frequency-modulated varies from province to province. Frequency modulation is mainly compensated according to frequency modulation mileage, and according to the degree of response of the unit to the AGC frequency modulation instruction.

Emergency and recovery services. Emergency and recovery services include black start and stable cutting machines. Some southern provinces began to promote independent energy storage to participate in Black Start services, and the benefits of independent energy storage were further expanded.

Capacity compensation is widely used in foreign electricity markets.

Capacity electricity price income is an incentive mechanism, which can compensate fixed costs, stimulate power investment, guarantee capacity supply and so on, and is widely used in foreign power markets. The capacity compensation mechanism of most provinces in our country is still under research and formulation, lacking a unified, equal and stable energy storage capacity recovery mechanism.

gansu has opened the peak capacity market for energy storage power stations for the first time nationwide. The maximum compensation standard for energy storage participating in the peak capacity market is 300 yuan/MW/day.. In 2023, the electricity price of coal capacity has been officially introduced, and the electricity price of energy storage capacity is expected to be determined immediately.

Considering the future, new energy is equipped and stored as standard, and with the introduction of relevant policies one after another, the reform process of electricity marketization is accelerating, and the development prospect of energy storage on the independent power grid side will be very considerable!

Profit model of user-side Energy storage

main revenue models at this stage:

1. Peak-Valley arbitrage: when the load is low, the energy storage battery is charged at a cheaper low price, and the energy storage battery supplies power to the load at peak load to realize the transfer of peak load, gain from peak-Valley electricity prices.

2. Energy time shift: in household or industrial and commercial light storage systems, the energy storage system can smooth the power generation and consumption, improve the photovoltaic power generation and consumption rate, and maximize the benefits.

3. RequiredManagement: after installing the energy storage system in industrial and commercial parks, the power of Transformers will not exceed the limit through timely charging and discharging of energy storage, thus achieving the purpose of reducing the electricity cost of users and reducing the electricity cost of industrial and commercial parks.

4. Demand side response: when the electricity is tight, actively reduce the electricity consumption, respond to the balance of power supply through peak cutting and other means, and thus obtain economic compensation.

5. Electricity in stock market transactions: because of the small capacity of industrial and commercial energy storage system, it is difficult to meet the buyer's demand for one-time call quantity in the electricity trading market. It can participate in the electricity market transaction through virtual power plant in an aggregate way.

6. Power auxiliary services: for the services provided by power generation enterprises, power grid operators and power users, industrial and commercial energy storage can obtain benefits by participating in auxiliary services.

In general, the current domestic residents' electricity price level is far lower than that of foreign countries, and the price drive is insufficient; however, as the double carbon target approaches, state-owned enterprises, industry and commerce will actively explore ways to save energy and reduce carbon. Industrial and commercial energy storage will usher in a broader market and industry competition will become more intense.