With the popularity of electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles, the safety, reliability and performance of power battery systems have become the focus of the industry. ISO 18300:2016, as an important standard issued by the International Organization for Standardization, proposes a unified test specification for lithium-ion battery system equipped with lead-acid batteries or capacitors in electric/hybrid vehicles, it aims to ensure the safe operation and stable performance of these systems in practical applications. This article will elaborate the main contents, test requirements and application of ISO 18300:2016 standard in detail.

I. ISO 18300:2016 standard overview

ISO 18300:2016 is all called "electric/hybrid vehicles-test specifications for lithium battery systems equipped with lead-acid batteries or capacitors", this standard provides systematic test methods and technical requirements for the test of vehicle power battery system. The standard covers many aspects such as safety performance, electrical performance, environmental adaptability and mechanical performance of lithium battery system, with special emphasis on the reliability and safety of battery system under extreme use conditions.

This standard applies to the system that uses lithium ion batteries in electric vehicles (EV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and is equipped with lead-acid batteries or capacitors as auxiliary energy. Through unified testing procedures and standards, the battery systems produced by different manufacturers can reach similar safety and performance levels, and promote vehicle safety assessment and certification.

II. Test scope and object

• main power lithium ion battery pack;
• lead-acid battery, as auxiliary energy or starting power supply;
• capacitors for energy recovery or power buffering.

The test project covers the performance of the battery system under various working conditions to ensure its safety and functional integrity under normal and abnormal conditions. The standard clearly specifies the electrical, mechanical and environmental conditions to be covered by the test, reflecting the possible risks in the real use environment.

III. Main test contents

ISO 18300:2016 includes a series of systematic test projects, mainly including the following aspects:

1. Electrical performance test

the electrical performance test aims to verify the electrical safety and performance stability of the battery system, mainly including:

• overcharge and overdischarge tests: simulate the response of the battery system under abnormal charging or discharging conditions, and evaluate the effectiveness of its safety protection measures.
• Short circuit test: check the safety of the battery system under external short circuit conditions to prevent possible thermal runaway and fire risk.
• Insulation Resistance Test: ensure that the electrical insulation performance of the battery system meets the safety standards and prevent leakage and electric shock accidents.
• Voltage and current stability test: verify the stability of the output voltage and current of the battery system under different working conditions to ensure the reliability of the power supply of the whole vehicle.

2. Mechanical performance test

the mechanical performance test mainly simulates the mechanical shock and vibration that the battery system may encounter during transportation, installation and use, including:

• vibration Test: through vibration tests of certain frequency and amplitude, the stability of battery system structure and the reliability of internal connection are tested.
• Impact test: simulate accidental collision or drop conditions and evaluate the battery system's ability to resist mechanical impact.
• Extrusion and puncture test: test the safety performance of the battery monomer when it is squeezed or punctured by foreign objects to prevent the battery from losing thermal control.

3. Environmental adaptability test