With the popularization of electronic products such as electric vehicles and mobile devices, lithium batteries, as a type of batteries with high energy density and light weight, are widely used in various fields. However, the performance of lithium batteries in low temperature environment is often affected. This article will discuss the influence mechanism of low temperature on lithium battery performance and introduce some countermeasures.

1. Low temperature pair lithium battery performance impact:

• reduce battery capacity: in low temperature environment, the reaction rate between the active substance of lithium battery and electrolyte slows down, which leads to the obstruction of electrochemical reaction inside the battery and reduces the available capacity of the battery. Especially under extremely low temperature conditions, the available capacity of the battery may decrease significantly.
• Improve internal resistance: low temperature will increase the viscosity of electrolyte, hinder the transmission of ions in the battery, resulting in the increase of internal resistance of the battery. The increase of internal resistance will reduce the discharge efficiency of the battery and affect the performance and cycle life of the battery.
• Reduce discharge performance: in low temperature environment, the discharge performance of lithium battery will usually be affected. The increase of discharge rate will lead to the increase of the internal temperature of the battery and aggravate the risk of thermal runaway inside the battery.
• Increase polarization effect: in low temperature environment, the polarization effect of the battery will increase, resulting in nonlinear changes in the discharge characteristics of the battery. The increase of polarization effect will lead to the decrease of the dynamic response capability of the battery and affect the performance stability of the battery.

2. Measures to deal with the impact of low temperature:

• optimize battery materials: Design and select positive and negative electrode materials with higher and lower temperature performance to improve the discharge efficiency and capacity retention rate of the battery in low temperature environment.
• Heating System Design: in applications such as electric vehicles, heating systems can be designed to increase the working temperature of battery packs and reduce the impact of low temperature on battery performance.
• Battery insulation: in extremely low temperature environment, the temperature of the battery pack can be maintained by battery heat-holding bottle cover and other means to improve the working efficiency and cycle life of the battery.
• Low temperature charging protection: in low temperature environment, avoid charging the battery too fast to reduce the risk of thermal runaway inside the battery and protect the safety performance of the battery.

3. Low temperature impact in application fields:

• electric vehicles: in cold areas or extreme low temperature conditions, the range and performance of electric vehicles may be affected. Therefore, the battery management system of electric vehicles needs to consider the influence of low temperature on battery performance.
• Mobile devices: when used in winter or outdoors, the battery life and performance of mobile devices will also be affected by low temperature. Users need to pay attention to battery usage restrictions and protection measures in low temperature environment.

The influence of low temperature on lithium battery performance is an important research topic. Understanding the influence mechanism and Countermeasures of low temperature on battery performance is helpful to optimize battery design and application. By optimizing materials, designing heating system, battery insulation and other methods, the influence of low temperature on the performance of lithium battery can be effectively reduced, and the performance stability and service life of battery can be improved.