EU introduced EU in 2023 battery and waste battery law, forming carbon barrier policy based on carbon pricing and carbon footprint, has impacted China's foreign trade export represented by "new three samples" (referring to electric vehicles, lithium batteries and photovoltaic products), the impact on domestic economic growth and industrial upgrading has aroused great concern from all parties. Relevant ministries and commissions of the state are promoting the establishment of a China-EU high-level dialogue mechanism. Local governments such as Jiangsu actively seek green power supply schemes for export enterprises. Export enterprises such as Ningde era have proposed green power direct connection, expand green electricity consumption demands such as green electricity trading. All parties concerned about "how to break trade barriers with green electricity consumption", they must pay close attention to potential impacts such as green electricity direct connection, and study and put forward practical and effective measures and suggestions to support the country to deal with green trade barriers, help export enterprises to enhance green competitiveness.

This research report is mainly divided into four parts. First, the development of renewable energy and electricity market in China. The second is the basic situation of EU carbon barrier policy. The third is the impact analysis of the new battery method. Fourth, the main suggested measures to deal with EU trade carbon barriers at home and abroad.

The main research conclusions are as follows. Overall, the long-term impact of the new battery method is greater than the current impact, and the impact on the power production mode is greater than the impact on the power. Especially the new battery method directly affects the international competitiveness of the "New Three", which is related to the transformation and upgrading of China's industry and the cultivation and growth of new growth points, and has a great influence, it has attracted great attention from relevant national ministries and local governments. According to the report, while the country actively conducts foreign negotiations, it may also take measures to expand the direct connection of green electricity internally. Local governments and manufacturing industries will put pressure on power grid companies to strive for direct connection of green electricity.

The report forms the following policy recommendations:

(1) suggestions on external strategies

one is to accelerate the construction of a carbon emission accounting system in line with China's national conditions and promote international mutual recognition. Learn from international experience, establish China's carbon emission accounting rules and standards as soon as possible, form a factor system including power carbon emission factors and carbon footprint factors, and promote international mutual recognition; promote the establishment of the international identification and renewal mechanism of China's carbon emission factors, realize "I disclose you update", and timely reflect the effectiveness of China's carbon emission reduction.

Second, in the Sino-EU senior dialogue negotiations, the main strategy was to recognize the green electricity trading model and to oppose only the green electricity direct connection. Green electricity trading is an effective means to reduce the carbon emissions of enterprises. Considering that the carbon price of EU is 7 to 8 times that of China, users pay 0.02-0.05 yuan/(kW · h) the green electricity environment premium can achieve a cost saving of 0.31-0.44 yuan/(kW · h) in the EU carbon market. Considering the high recognition of green electricity and PPA, reducing carbon cost through green electricity consumption is equivalent to "exchanging" China's low carbon price for EU's high carbon price. Meanwhile, green electricity consumption provides environmental attribute benefits for new energy enterprises, which will further promote the development of new energy in China. We should vigorously promote the EU carbon accounting mechanism to recognize China's green electricity trading, give full play to the influence of European and American multinational enterprises, and promote their participation in green electricity trading as the first step for China's green electricity certification to obtain international recognition, on this basis, green electricity will be gradually guided into the EU carbon emission accounting system.

(2) internal strategy suggestions

state Grid Corporation of China has fulfilled its three major responsibilities of politics, economy and society, shaped the image of a responsible global leading brand for sustainable development, and made every effort to support the country in dealing with carbon barriers in international trade. At present, it has carried out a series of activities in promoting green power International Certification.Work.

At present, from the perspective of transaction scale and outward corporate feedback, green electricity trading is a more recognized green consumption mode. Judging from the requirements of the EU carbon border regulation mechanism (CBAM), green electricity trading is close to the PPA that can be used for deduction. Judging from the carbon footprint requirements of the battery bill, green electricity transactions meet the traceability conditions proposed by "using renewable energy power purchased by specific suppliers" and are expected to meet relevant requirements. The international recognition degree of domestic green certificates is not high. The main reason is that a complete process tracking system for issuing and transferring green certificates to cancellation has not been established, and it is facing doubts in terms of uniqueness and traceability. Considering the international recognition and the development law of power system, it is suggested to take green electricity trading as the main means to support the country to deal with carbon barriers in international trade, supplement green electricity direct connection, and do a good job in carbon emission accounting support and service.

1) further improve and expand green electricity transactions. In order to better deal with the battery bill and reduce the carbon emissions in the whole life cycle of battery production enterprises in our country, the green certificate system of green electricity in our country should do the following:

one is to expand the coverage and scale of green electricity transactions. Expand the supply capacity of green electricity in the province. For export-intensive areas, the government is urged to promote all affordable centralized new energy to participate in green electricity transactions and promote distributed photovoltaic to participate in green electricity transactions in an aggregate manner. Improve the inter-provincial green electricity trading mechanism, accelerate the promotion of new energy from large energy bases to participate in green electricity trading, study and reserve some green electricity trading space in transmission channels, improve the scale of inter-provincial green electricity trading, and fully meet the demand of green electricity in eastern regions.

The second is to study the refined green electricity transaction traceability authentication mechanism in advance. At present, the European Union and the United States are exploring the refined traceability certification of green electricity to achieve the matching of hourly green electricity production and consumption. Drawing on international experience, electricity trading institutions will study the traceability certification mechanism of green electricity trading in a shorter period, match the green electricity project and the supply and demand curve of users, and issue it by the National Energy Administration (qualification Center), the precision of common "endorsement" such as power trading institutionsProof of green electricity consumption. Through the establishment of refined green electricity trading mechanism, stricter physical delivery is realized, and carbon reduction properties similar to "green electricity direct connection" are gradually realized.

The third is to improve the tracing mechanism of the whole process of green power consumption and strive for international standard certification. Currently, the Electrical & Electronics Institute of Engineers Standardization Association (IEEE) "Application standard for green electricity identification based on blockchain" (IEEE P3224), which is organized and approved by Beijing Electric Power trading center, has been released for wholesale. This standard is the first international standard in the field of green electricity trading led by our country. It gives full play to the technical characteristics of blockchain distributed storage and multi-party consensus, and establishes a green electricity consumption identification system in combination with the research on identification technology. It is suggested to develop a traceable and traceable green certificate supervision system as soon as possible to meet the tracking of the whole process of green certificate, strive for international standard certification and obtain higher international recognition.

The fourth is to strengthen the uniqueness of green certificates as green environmental rights and interests and avoid the doubt of repeated use of environmental values. Strengthen the coordination between CCER and green certificate mechanism, clarify the boundaries of support fields and projects, improve the information transparency of CCER market and green certificate market, avoid repeated calculation, and facilitate enterprises to choose independently. Combined with the green certificate of green electricity and deduction of carbon emission from non-fossil energy, the calculation method of carbon emission factor adjusted by electricity deducting all kinds of environmental rights and interests is studied to avoid repetitive calculation.

2) promote the standard development of green electricity direct connection and spontaneous self-use. According to the new battery method carbon footprint calculation methodology draft for comments and PEF calculation and other rules, it is easy to mislead users to think that their carbon emissions can be reduced only by direct power supply of new energy and distributed "electricity sales through partition walls.

At present, China's new energy direct power supply and distributed "partition wall electricity sales" are in the pilot development stage, and the relevant technical standards and supporting policy rules are not clear, which may affect the safe operation of the power grid. Due to the imperfect electricity price mechanism, there are rules for direct supply of new energy and nearby transaction electricity.Avoid cross subsidies, government funds and additional issues, and transfer the system adjustment cost to other subjects. Suggestions:

first, adhere to the unified planning of power grids, give full play to the advantages of resource allocation of large power grids, and support the high-quality development of new energy sources. Promote centralized and distributed energy systems to complement each other, promote the sharing of security responsibilities, the sharing of spare capacity, the mutual economic of social resources, and promote the development and utilization of new energy.

The second is to clarify the requirements and specifications for the spontaneous self-use of green electricity in enterprises. The spontaneous self-use of enterprise green electricity is limited to distributed renewable energy in the red line of the enterprise plant, such as roof photovoltaic and decentralized wind power. Considering that the total proportion of green electricity spontaneous self-consumption is not high, we can temporarily maintain the existing price mechanism related to spontaneous self-use, and gradually explore the relevant mechanism of green electricity spontaneous self-consumption to bear cross subsidies, government funds and additional.

The third is to develop autonomous green direct connection mode according to local conditions. In the exploratory stage, the direct connection mode of green electricity needs scientific guidance and standardized development. Export promotion the specific needs of enterprises, pilot to carry out green power Park demonstration projects with certain self-balancing and self-safety capabilities. In terms of power supply, it should be limited to renewable energy sources such as wind power, photovoltaic, small hydropower and so on recognized by EU. In principle, it is a new power supply, and public power plants are not allowed to be transferred to their own. In terms of load, key enterprises with advanced technology, energy consumption level and strong international competitiveness are mainly considered in the initial stage, and export enterprises affected by CBAM and new battery method are preferentially included, and other enterprises will be explored in the future. In terms of measurement, power grid enterprises separately measure the direct consumption of green electricity and users' electricity consumption to ensure the uniqueness and fairness of green electricity environmental attributes and assume social responsibilities. In terms of price mechanism, recently, the transmission and distribution price corresponding to the direct consumption of green electricity by users still needs to be paid according to the provincial transmission and distribution price standard, and the system reserve fee standard should be reasonably formulated, fully compensate the network connection and standby cost of large power grid service green power direct connection project. In the long term, explore the use of "peak load responsibility method" to design the transmission and distribution fee mechanism for direct connection of green electricity in enterprises. Green electric direct connection Power bear auxiliary service costs such as peak shaving and frequency modulation.

3) do a good job in carbon emission accounting support and service. The first is to support the government to carry out the calculation of power carbon emissions and carbon footprint factors. Strengthen the research on international carbon emissions, carbon footprint accounting rules and standards, and systematically sort out the power carbon emissions, carbon footprint accounting scope, accounting methods, database parameters, etc. Provide government departments with the data and measurement support needed for carbon emission and carbon footprint factor calculation. According to the construction requirements of the national product carbon footprint management system, cooperate with stakeholders to jointly carry out the research and calculation of power carbon footprint.

The second is to provide carbon emission prediction, energy consumption analysis and green electricity consumption accounting services for the government and business entities. On the one hand, the prediction of power carbon emissions should guide the reasonable layout of enterprises. Considering the changes of China's power supply structure in the future, according to the relevant policies and requirements of carbon accounting at home and abroad, establish a regular prediction and release mechanism of national, regional and provincial power carbon emission factors to guide export enterprises to lay out rationally. On the other hand, carry out energy monitoring and analysis for key enterprises. For key industry enterprises affected by CBAM and new battery method, especially those related to new energy vehicles, lithium batteries and photovoltaic module "New export three samples", the production layout, electricity consumption, green electricity consumption, green electricity consumption patterns and so on are continuously monitored and analyzed to provide decision-making reference for the government and serve the national development strategy. In addition, it provides green power consumption accounting services for business entities. In response to the demands of export-oriented enterprises, we will carry out green electricity consumption accounting services for enterprises to help enterprises cope with international carbon-related trade rules.

The third is to do a good job in line loss management and power equipment carbon footprint management. On the one hand, line loss management is used to reduce the carbon footprint of power transmission and distribution. The emission of power transmission and distribution link is an integral part of the power carbon footprint, and the operating entity hopes that the company can reduce the power carbon footprint by strengthening line loss management. On the other hand, do a good job in carbon footprint accounting of power equipment.According to the requirements of carbon footprint accounting, we will promote the establishment of carbon footprint accounting standards for power equipment, carry out calculation and evaluation work, strengthen green supply chain management, promote the green and low-carbon transformation of enterprises, and provide demonstration for carbon footprint accounting in other industries.