Rapid development of electric vehicles and energy storage systems, the demand for battery technology is also increasing day by day. In some extreme environments, especially in low temperature environments, traditional lithium ion batteries and lithium metal batteries have problems such as slow charging speed and reduced capacity. Therefore, how to design and improve lithium ion batteries and lithium metal batteries in low temperature environment has become one of the current research hotspots. This article will discuss the design ideas of low-temperature lithium ion batteries and lithium metal batteries from the aspects of battery materials, structural design and thermal management.

Selection and optimization of battery materials

in the low temperature environment, the performance of the battery is greatly limited, so the selection and optimization of battery materials is an important aspect of designing low-temperature lithium ion batteries and lithium metal batteries. Firstly, materials with higher ionic conductivity and electronic conductivity need to be selected to improve the charge and discharge performance of the battery at low temperature. Secondly, surface coating technology and interface engineering are used to improve the surface performance of electrode materials and their electrochemical performance in low temperature environment. In addition, controlling the electrolyte formula and adding inhibitors to reduce the freezing point of electrolyte and improve its conductivity are also the key to designing low-temperature batteries.

Optimization of structural design

in low temperature environment, the structural design of the battery also needs to be optimized. First of all, the packaging structure of the battery needs to be improved to improve its sealing performance and thermal insulation in low temperature environment. Secondly, by optimizing the electrode structure of the battery and the circulation system of electrolyte, the charge transmission rate and energy density of the battery in the low temperature environment are improved. In addition, a reasonable battery heating system is designed, and the influence of low temperature environment on battery materials is considered to reduce the influence of low temperature environment on battery performance.

Design of thermal management system

In the low temperature environment, the design of low-temperature lithium ion batteries and lithium metal batteries requires comprehensive consideration from many aspects such as material selection and optimization, structural design and thermal management system. Only by optimizing the material and structural design of the battery and designing a reasonable thermal management system can the performance of the battery in a low temperature environment be improved and meet the needs of electric vehicles and energy storage systems in extreme weather conditions be met. It is hoped that future research and innovation will bring new breakthroughs and progress to the development of low-temperature battery technology.