Energy storage battery it is a device that can convert electrical energy into chemical energy and then convert it into electrical energy output when needed. Its working principle is mainly based on electrochemical reaction and energy conversion. The following will introduce the working principle and basic working process of energy storage battery.

1. Basic composition of battery
   energy storage battery usually consists of positive electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte and separator. The positive and negative poles are respectively the two polarities in the battery, the electrolyte is the medium connecting the positive and negative poles and conducting ion transfer, and the diaphragm is the material used to isolate the positive and negative poles and prevent short circuit.

2. Charging process
   during the charging process of the energy storage battery, the external power supply will apply a voltage so that a potential difference is formed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The chemical reaction on the positive electrode causes the ions in the positive electrode material to lose electrons, while the chemical reaction on the negative electrode promotes the ions in the negative electrode material to accept electrons. These ions are transferred in the electrolyte, and chemical reactions are formed between the positive and negative electrodes, thus converting electric energy into chemical energy for storage.

3. Discharge process
   in the discharge process of the energy storage battery, when the external load is connected to the battery, the chemical energy stored in the positive and negative poles will be released. At this time, the chemical substances in the positive and negative electrodes will react, convert the chemical energy stored in them into electric energy, and output power through external loads.

4. Working Principle of battery type
   different types of energy storage batteries adopt different electrochemical reactions and materials, so their working principles are also different. For example, lithium-ion batteries take the migration of lithium ions between positive and negative electrodes as the main electrochemical reaction; Lead-acid batteries take the redox reaction between lead and lead bioxide as the main working principle.

5. Features and applications
   the working principle of energy storage battery enables it to store electric energy when needed, and then convert it into electric energy output when needed. This makes the energy storage battery play an important role in power system peak shaving, renewable energy utilization, emergency backup power supply and so on. Meanwhile, energy storage batteries are also widely used in electric vehicles, household energy storage and other fields.

Energy storage battery is a device that converts electrical energy into chemical energy through electrochemical reaction and then converts it into electrical energy output when needed. Its working principle is mainly based on electrochemical reaction and energy conversion, and its working process involves two basic processes: charging and discharging. Different types of energy storage batteries have different working principles and application scenarios, but its core principle is to store and output electric energy.